
Industry Policy and Peer Effects of Corporate Innovation: A Heterogeneity Study Based on Spatial Autoregressive Models
Mengchen ZHU, Xiaoyi HAN, Muyi LI
China Journal of Econometrics ›› 2025, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (1) : 171-196.
Industry Policy and Peer Effects of Corporate Innovation: A Heterogeneity Study Based on Spatial Autoregressive Models
Different from traditional linear models which assume that firms make decisions independently according to their own characteristics, this paper uses a spatial autoregressive model to study the heterogeneous peer effects of firm innovations, under the impact of industry policy. We find that firms supported by the policy will show positive innovation interactions, that is, they will tend to imitate the innovation behavior of their peers in the same region, while the non-supported firms do not have this pattern. The difference between them are significant and robust. The imitation behaviors of supported firms aim to maintain a relative competitive position. As for the non-supported firms, those with large financial constraints prefer the innovation imitation to reduce the information cost of decision-making while firms with small financial constraints are likely to shrinkage the innovation investment if their peers have great innovation output due to competition in product or factor markets. The conclusions of this paper provide a new perspective of innovation interaction for studying the results of policy impact. In addition, by emphasizing the heterogeneity of firm behavior, it shows that different mechanisms will have different explanatory power in different cases, thus providing empirical evidence of heterogeneity effect for the analysis of firm interactions.
corporate innovation / peer effects / industry policy / spatial autoregressive model {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 变量定义 |
变量类型 | 变量 | 定义 |
因变量 | PT | 企业年度专利申请总数的自然对数 |
IPT | 企业年度发明专利申请数的自然对数 | |
自变量 | HT | 高新技术企业认定, 企业处于高新技术企业认定的有效期内时取1, 否则取0 |
特征变量 | Age | 企业年龄, 企业自成立以来的年龄取自然对数 |
Size | 企业规模, 总资产的自然对数 | |
SOE | 是否为国有企业, 是则取1, 否则取0 | |
财务变量 | Lev | 资产负债率, 总负债与总资产之比 |
Tan | 企业固定资产占总资产的比值 | |
Liquidity | 企业流动资产与流动负债的比值 | |
Sub | 企业政府补贴占总资产的比值 | |
Roa | 盈利能力, 净利润与总资产的比值 | |
Cash | 货币资金与总资产的比值 | |
治理变量 | Top1 | 股权集中度, 企业第1大股东持股比例 |
Top2t10 | 股权平衡度, 企业第2 | |
Holder | 股票激励, 董监高持股比例之和 | |
BODSize | 董事会人数 | |
Pay | 高级管理人员前三名薪酬总额的对数 | |
Duality | 两职合一, 企业董事长和总经理是否为同一人, 是则取1, 否则取0 |
表2 描述性统计 |
均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 中位数 | 最大值 | 观测值 | |
PT | 3.092 | 1.359 | 0.693 | 2.996 | 9.908 | 12986 |
IPT | 2.191 | 1.378 | 0.000 | 2.079 | 9.108 | 12986 |
HT | 0.710 | 0.454 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 12986 |
Age | 2.696 | 0.403 | 0.693 | 2.773 | 3.932 | 12986 |
Size | 21.944 | 1.260 | 19.156 | 21.745 | 28.509 | 12986 |
SOE | 0.336 | 0.472 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 12986 |
Lev | 0.390 | 0.203 | 0.008 | 0.375 | 0.999 | 12986 |
Tan | 0.215 | 0.145 | 0.000 | 0.187 | 0.876 | 12986 |
Liquidity | 3.100 | 4.828 | 0.094 | 1.838 | 190.869 | 12986 |
Sub | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.302 | 12986 |
ROA | 0.046 | 0.055 | 0.043 | 1.126 | 12986 | |
Cash | 0.209 | 0.154 | 0.001 | 0.162 | 0.954 | 12986 |
Top1 | 35.077 | 14.638 | 2.197 | 33.465 | 89.090 | 12986 |
Top2t10 | 24.800 | 13.389 | 0.630 | 23.965 | 70.400 | 12986 |
Holder | 0.135 | 0.197 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.891 | 12986 |
BODSize | 8.645 | 1.672 | 0.000 | 9.000 | 18.000 | 12986 |
Pay | 14.197 | 0.782 | 0.000 | 14.185 | 17.352 | 12986 |
Duality | 0.292 | 0.455 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 12986 |
表3 基准回归 |
PT | IPT | PT | IPT | |||
(1) | (2) | (1) | (2) | |||
HT | 0.067 | 0.084 | Cash | 0.055 | ||
(0.012) | (0.015) | (0.080) | (0.086) | |||
nonHT | 0.006 | 0.014 | SOE | 0.057 | 0.132 | |
(0.016) | (0.020) | (0.025) | (0.027) | |||
HT(Control) | 0.224 | 0.308 | Top1 | 0.000 | ||
(0.059) | (0.055) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |||
Age | Top2t10 | |||||
(0.027) | (0.029) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |||
Size | 0.594 | 0.585 | Holder | 0.184 | 0.089 | |
(0.011) | (0.011) | (0.058) | (0.062) | |||
Lev | BODSize | 0.004 | 0.024 | |||
(0.070) | (0.074) | (0.006) | (0.006) | |||
Tan | Pay | 0.105 | 0.119 | |||
(0.081) | (0.086) | (0.014) | (0.014) | |||
Liquidity | Duality | 0.058 | 0.057 | |||
(0.002) | (0.002) | (0.021) | (0.022) | |||
Sub | 11.698 | 15.532 | EFFECTS | 是 | 是 | |
(0.992) | (1.060) | 观测值 | 12986 | 12986 | ||
ROA | 1.326 | 1.044 | ||||
(0.191) | (0.203) |
表4 政策共同冲击 |
PT | IPT | |
(1) | (2) | |
HtH | 0.067 | 0.083 |
(0.012) | (0.016) | |
NtH | 0.059 | 0.090 |
(0.021) | (0.031) | |
HtN | 0.010 | |
(0.017) | (0.023) | |
NtN | 0.018 | 0.026 |
(0.024) | (0.030) | |
控制变量 | 是 | 是 |
EFFECTS | 是 | 是 |
观测值 | 12986 | 12986 |
注: 表中仅报告了同群效应的系数, 对控制变量的回归结果进行了省略, 下同. |
表5 控制城市特征变量 |
PT | IPT | |
(1) | (2) | |
HT | 0.059 | 0.067 |
(0.018) | (0.018) | |
nonHT | 0.003 | |
(0.017) | (0.023) | |
PerGDP | 0.000 | 0.000 |
(0.000) | (0.000) | |
GDPgrowth | ||
(0.002) | (0.003) | |
Popu | 0.016 | 0.065 |
(0.026) | (0.027) | |
InvRatio | ||
(0.082) | (0.087) | |
控制变量 | 是 | 是 |
EFFECTS | 是 | 是 |
观测值 | 10509 | 10509 |
表6 企业自我选择 |
PT | IPT | |
(1) | (2) | |
HT | 0.067 | 0.090 |
(0.012) | (0.016) | |
pseuHT | 0.062 | 0.070 |
(0.013) | (0.017) | |
pseunonHT | 0.024 | 0.019 |
(0.017) | (0.022) | |
nonHT | 0.000 | 0.014 |
(0.014) | (0.020) | |
控制变量 | 是 | 是 |
EFFECTS | 是 | 是 |
观测值 | 12986 | 12986 |
表7 竞争机制分析 |
PT | IPT | ||||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||
CR4 | HHI | CR4 | HHI | ||
Low | 0.036 | 0.057 | 0.016 | 0.039 | |
(0.040) | (0.022) | (0.056) | (0.033) | ||
Medium | 0.061 | 0.061 | 0.077 | 0.075 | |
(0.012) | (0.012) | (0.015) | (0.016) | ||
High | 0.076 | 0.079 | 0.098 | 0.101 | |
(0.013) | (0.012) | (0.017) | (0.017) | ||
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |
EFFECTS | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |
观测值 | 12986 | 12986 | 12986 | 12986 |
注: 出于方便理解和节省空间的考虑, 本表没有列示非扶持企业的同群效应系数, 但其数值及显著性水平都与基准回归一致, 即没有显著区别于0. 其余未列示的控制变量及时间、行业、省份效应与基准回归相同, 下同. |
表8 信息机制分析 |
PT | IPT | ||||||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | ||
Size | Pro | Sale | Size | Pro | Sale | ||
Low | 0.051 | 0.030 | 0.005 | 0.057 | 0.004 | ||
(0.015) | (0.021) | (0.021) | (0.020) | (0.025) | (0.025) | ||
Medium | 0.059 | 0.040 | 0.020 | 0.072 | 0.029 | 0.001 | |
(0.011) | (0.016) | (0.015) | (0.014) | (0.017) | (0.016) | ||
High | 0.170 | 0.149 | 0.263 | 0.185 | |||
(0.017) | (0.022) | (0.021) | (0.021) | (0.027) | (0.024) | ||
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |
EFFECTS | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |
观测值 | 12986 | 6901 | 6901 | 12986 | 6901 | 6901 |
表10 高融资约束时的信息模仿效应 |
PT | IPT | ||||||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | ||
Size | Pro | Sale | Size | Pro | Sale | ||
LI | 0.074 | 0.134 | 0.056 | 0.109 | 0.168 | 0.098 | |
(0.023) | (0.035) | (0.026) | (0.028) | (0.050) | (0.038) | ||
HI | 0.037 | 0.000 | 0.009 | ||||
(0.048) | (0.031) | (0.049) | (0.072) | (0.046) | (0.057) | ||
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |
EFFECTS | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | |
观测值 | 11106 | 11106 | 11106 | 11106 | 11106 | 11106 |
表E1 其他稳健性检验 |
PT | |||||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
Lag | 08--15 | 剔除北上深 | 剔除直辖市 | 剔除省会 | |
HT | 0.073 | 0.071 | 0.067 | 0.069 | 0.072 |
(0.012) | (0.014) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | |
nonHT | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.023 | ||
(0.018) | (0.018) | (0.016) | (0.016) | (0.017) | |
控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
EFFECTS | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
观测值 | 11799 | 8600 | 9908 | 10585 | 7386 |
表E2 SDPD模型 |
PT | IPT | |
(1) | (2) | |
HT | 0.041 | 0.025 |
(0.020) | (0.019) | |
nonHT | 0.017 | |
(0.025) | (0.025) | |
LagPT | 0.665 | 0.671 |
(0.008) | (0.008) | |
LagPeer | -0.063 | |
(0.023) | (0.023) | |
控制变量 | 是 | 是 |
EFFECTS | 是 | 是 |
观测值 | 9674 | 9674 |
表E3 地区内行业与非行业异质性 |
PT | IPT | |
(1) | (2) | |
HT_WCI, | 0.107 | 0.110 |
(0.007) | (0.008) | |
nonHT_WCI, | 0.125 | 0.151 |
(0.011) | (0.015) | |
HT_WCNI, | 0.033 | 0.069 |
(0.013) | (0.016) | |
nonHT_WCNI, | ||
(0.016) | (0.020) | |
控制变量 | 是 | 是 |
EFFECTS | 排除行业效应 | 排除行业效应 |
观测值 | 12986 | 12986 |
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