
The Impact of Energy Saving Target Constraint on Green Productivity of China's Industrial Sector
YANG Mian, HOU Yaru, DUAN Hongbo
China Journal of Econometrics ›› 2022, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (1) : 179-193.
The Impact of Energy Saving Target Constraint on Green Productivity of China's Industrial Sector
Formulating reasonable environmental policies to guide the continuous improvement of green total factor productivity (GTFP) is the key to accelerate the development of green industrial transformation in China. By matching the database of Chinese industrial enterprises with CEADs, this paper first constructs three-dimensional panel data across time, region, and industry, then taking the strong implementation of energy-saving target constraint policy (ESTC) as a quasi-natural experiment, the effect and mechanism of ESTC on China's industrial GTFP are discussed with the help of the SBM-GML and quasi-DID methods for each province in 1998 to 2008. The results show that the strict ESTC policy has significantly promoted the improvement of GTFP in China's industrial sectors, especially the values in high-energy-consuming and heavy-polluting industries, which reflects the targeted effect of ESTC policy. Meanwhile, the ESTC policy has a more obvious effect on the improvement of GTFP in industries where the enterprises are younger, the proportion of state-owned capital is higher, and the profit surplus is larger. Further mechanism test confirms that capital renewal - technology introduction, independent innovation - technology breakthrough and competition intensification - allocation optimization are the important driving forces for the improvement of GTFP in China.
industrial sector / energy saving target constraint / green total factor productivity / DID method {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 变量描述性统计 |
变量名称 | 样本量 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
资本(亿元) | 8635 | 803.179 | 1748.868 | 0.122 | 29256.180 |
劳动力(百万) | 8635 | 64.512 | 120.903 | 0.046 | 2524.838 |
工业总产值(亿元) | 8635 | 2166.091 | 6501.511 | 0.502 | 209807.200 |
能源(百万) | 8635 | 118.364 | 356.700 | 0.020 | 8069.433 |
CO | 8635 | 271.010 | 873.736 | 0.0001 | 20750.130 |
GTFP | 8635 | 1.911 | 1.704 | 0.031 | 41.226 |
EI | 8635 | 20.158 | 2.890 | 15.000 | 30.000 |
外商直接投资(%) | 8635 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.004 | 0.152 |
对外开放程度(%) | 8635 | 0.237 | 0.284 | 0.040 | 1.276 |
政府支出(%) | 8635 | 0.138 | 0.050 | 0.057 | 0.357 |
产业结构 | 8635 | 0.466 | 0.070 | 0.310 | 0.600 |
研发经费内部支出(亿元) | 8635 | 10.980 | 14.681 | 0.117 | 121.609 |
表2 基准回归 |
变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
GTFP | GTFP | energy intensity | energy intensity | CO | CO | |
DID | 0.0083** | 0.0078** | ||||
(0.0033) | (0.0032) | (0.0089) | (0.0087) | (0.0147) | (0.0146) | |
8635 | 8635 | 8635 | 8635 | 8635 | 8635 | |
Adj | 0.6830 | 0.6900 | 0.8571 | 0.8612 | 0.7888 | 0.7917 |
Controls | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
注: 括号内为聚类到省份二分位行业的标准误, ***, **, *分别表示在1%、5%和10% 的水平上显著.下表同. |
表3 动态效应评估 |
变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) |
GTFP | GTFP | energy intensity | energy intensity | CO | CO | |
before5 | 0.0021 | 0.0008 | ||||
(0.0024) | (0.0025) | (0.0064) | (0.0065) | (0.0085) | (0.0086) | |
before4 | 0.0004 | |||||
(0.0030) | (0.0029) | (0.0090) | (0.0089) | (0.0137) | (0.0137) | |
before3 | 0.0001 | 0.0127 | 0.0148 | |||
(0.0023) | (0.0024) | (0.0085) | (0.0085) | (0.0139) | (0.0138) | |
before2 | 0.0043 | 0.0038 | ||||
(0.0035) | (0.0035) | (0.0109) | (0.0109) | (0.0166) | (0.0167) | |
post | 0.0038 | 0.0027 | ||||
(0.0032) | (0.0032) | (0.0083) | (0.0083) | (0.0141) | (0.0141) | |
after1 | 0.0069*** | 0.0069*** | ||||
(0.0024) | (0.0024) | (0.0055) | (0.0055) | (0.0141) | (0.0140) | |
after2 | 0.0092*** | 0.0096*** | ||||
(0.0029) | (0.0030) | (0.0083) | (0.0084) | (0.0137) | (0.0140) | |
8635 | 8635 | 8635 | 8635 | 8635 | 8635 | |
Adj | 0.6832 | 0.6902 | 0.8571 | 0.8613 | 0.7889 | 0.7918 |
Controls | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
表4 稳健性检验 |
GTFP | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
2003–2008 | 2002–2008 | 换解释变量 | 换样本 | tfp_op | tfp_lp | 缩尾0.25% | 缩尾0.5% | |||
DID | 0.0043 | 0.0048 | 0.0046** | 0.0056** | 0.0760*** | 0.0092*** | 0.0187*** | 0.0143** | 0.0072** | 0.0062** |
(0.0029) | (0.0031) | (0.0022) | (0.0025) | (0.0280) | (0.0032) | (0.0044) | (0.0065) | (0.0031) | (0.0030) | |
6280 | 6280 | 4710 | 5495 | 8635 | 7766 | 9641 | 9641 | 8635 | 8635 | |
Adj | 0.5923 | 0.5924 | 0.7953 | 0.7632 | 0.6903 | 0.6942 | 0.9707 | 0.9585 | 0.6976 | 0.7067 |
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
表5 行业异质性分析 |
GTFP | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
energy intensive | energy intensive | dirty | dirty | |
DID | 0.0023** | 0.0023** | ||
(0.0010) | (0.0010) | |||
DID | 0.0022*** | 0.0022*** | ||
(0.0008) | (0.0008) | |||
DID | 0.0077** | 0.0072** | 0.0080** | 0.0075** |
(0.0034) | (0.0032) | (0.0033) | (0.0032) | |
8635 | 8635 | 8635 | 8635 | |
Adj | 0.6837 | 0.6907 | 0.6834 | 0.6904 |
Controls | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
表6 企业异质性分析 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
age | age | nationcap | nationcap | profit | profit | |
DID | 0.0079** | 0.0076** | 0.0064** | 0.0057* | 0.0080** | 0.0077** |
(0.0033) | (0.0032) | (0.0032) | (0.0031) | (0.0033) | (0.0032) | |
DID | ||||||
(0.1152) | (0.1161) | |||||
age | 1.5979 | |||||
(1.6335) | (1.7039) | |||||
DID | 0.0959* | 0.1185** | ||||
(0.0565) | (0.0594) | |||||
nationcap | 2.6898*** | 2.7772*** | ||||
(0.5516) | (0.6944) | |||||
DID | 0.0317 | 0.2032* | ||||
(0.1204) | (0.1163) | |||||
profit | 15.6136*** | 13.4752*** | ||||
(3.5533) | (3.2801) | |||||
8635 | 8635 | 7850 | 7850 | 8635 | 8635 | |
Adj | 0.6836 | 0.6902 | 0.6612 | 0.6672 | 0.6861 | 0.6926 |
Controls | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
表7 机制分析-技术改造与技术创新 |
变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
TC | EC | invest | depreciation | |
DID | 0.0090*** | 0.0069** | 0.0292** | 0.0215*** |
(0.0032) | (0.0034) | (0.0124) | (0.0081) | |
8635 | 8635 | 6677 | 9612 | |
Adj | 0.6631 | 0.6522 | 0.7595 | 0.9289 |
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
表8 机制分析-市场竞争 |
变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
li1 | li2 | workforce | revenue | |
DID | 0.0139** | 0.0114* | 0.0167** | |
(0.0057) | (0.0066) | (0.0057) | (0.0073) | |
10482 | 8390 | 10590 | 10590 | |
Adj | 0.9456 | 0.9147 | 0.9449 | 0.9492 |
Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Pro | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
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